Hà Nội

History

Hanoi is the capital city and is the top city in Vietnam in terms of area and second largest natural urban area of ​​Ho Chi Minh City, it ranks second in population to 6561.900 (2010). Between fertile Red River Delta, where it soon became a center of political and religious from the very beginning of the history of Vietnam. In 1010, Ly Cong Uan, the first king of the Ly kingdom, decided to build a new capital in the area with the name of Thang Long. During the period of the reign Daily, Tran, Le, Mac, Thang Long is the trading center of culture and education of the North. When Tay Son and Nguyen took over the reign, the capital was moved to Hue and Thang Long started named in 1831, under King Minh Mang. In 1902, Hanoi became the capital of the Indochinese Federation and the French construction and planning. Through two wars, Hanoi is the capital of North Vietnam and reunified Vietnam and this role to this day.

After the expansion of administrative boundaries in August 2008, Hanoi now has an area of 3345.0 km ², consisting of 10 districts, 1 town and 18 suburban districts. Together with the Ho Chi Minh City, Hai Phong and Da Nang, Hanoi is one of the four leading economic center of the country. In 2009, after the expansion of the city's GDP increased by 6.67%, total revenue of 70,054 billion. Hanoi is also a center of culture and education with the theaters, museums , the traditional villages, the national media agencies and major universities.

Location and Terrain

Located angling northwest of the center of the Red River Delta, Hanoi is located at 20 ° 53 'and 21 ° 23' north latitude and 105 ° 44 'to 106 ° 02' east longitude, followed adjacent to the Thai Nguyen, Vinh Phuc province in northern Ha Nam, Hoa Binh south, Bac Giang, Bac Ninh and Hung Yen provinces to the east, west of Hoa Binh and Phu Tho. Hanoi to Hai Phong port city 120 km. After the expansion of administrative boundaries in August 2008, the city has an area of 3324.92 km ², is located on both sides of the Red River, but mainly the right bank.

The topography is low Hanoi in the direction from north to south and from west to east with an average elevation of 5 to 20 meters above sea level. Thanks inning, three-quarters of the area's natural Hanoi is located on the right bank of the river delta, the two sides of the Red river and other tributary rivers. Are mostly hilly area of the Soc Son District, Ba Vi, Quoc Oai, My Duc, with peaks as high as Ba Vi (1,281 m), the price to (707 m), Bird Legs (462 m), bar flax (427 m), Thien Tru (378 m) ... The urban area has a number of low hills, such as Wood Street, Nung mountain.

Hong River and water system

Red River is the main river of the city, began to flow into the Ba Vi district, Hanoi and out of the cities in the region Phu Xuyen adjacent Hung Yen. The Red River flows through Hanoi 163 km, accounting for about one-third the length of the river on land in Vietnam. Hanoi is also the Da River is the boundary between Hanoi and Phu Tho, the confluence with the Red River north of the city in Ba Vi district. Also, on the territory of Hanoi has many rivers such as River, Duong, Cau, Ca Lo, ... The small river flowing in the inner city as Lich River, Taurus, ... is the sewage drainage of Hanoi.

Hanoi is also a special city lakes, remnants of ancient rivers. In the inner city, West Lake has the largest area, about 500 ha, play an important role in today's urban landscape is surrounded by many hotels, villas. Hoan Kiem Lake is located in the historic center of the city's busiest areas, always hold a special place for Hanoi. In the inner region can mention the famous lakes such as Truc Bach Thien Quang Thu Le ... In addition, many large lakes located on the territory of Hanoi as Kim Lien, Dam, Ai Son - Dong Mo, Suoi Hai, Cat Gu, Xuan Khanh, Still Lai, Quan Son ... 

Due to a strong process of urbanization from 1990 to present, most of the rivers and lakes in Hanoi are falling into serious pollution. Lich, the main sewage drain of the city, every day to receive about 150,000 m³. Similarly, the Taurus River approximately 125,000 cubic meters of waste water per day. Lu River and river clay average daily into the river Taurus 110,000 m³. Industrial waste water and have high levels of toxic chemicals. Rivers canals and suburban, in addition to the role drainage also have to get a people's garbage and industrial waste. These handicrafts are also contributing to the cause of this pollution

Residential

Origin of the population

In 1940, when Hanoi is the capital of the Union of Indochina, the statistical population of the city is 132,145 people. But in 1954, the population of Hanoi dropped to 53 thousand people on a area of ​​152 km ². Can find a very large part of the population currently living in Hanoi was not born in this city. Hanoi's history has recorded the city's population changes, continuous disturbance over time. In the suburban villages, along the old city, where people live mainly on agriculture, often without major changes. Many families here still hold genealogy from the 15th century, 16. But in the inner region of the commercial precinct and crafts, mixed residential lots. Rest is very rare that the continuous family settled in Thang Long XV century as the Nguyen family in the ward co (China from Hanoi). Due to the nature of the job, many merchants and craftsmen craft rarely head for generations in a point. Difficulties in the business, the time of decline, they look to other lands. In some cases, a family having passed the other was appointed the province and bring their families, sometimes even relatives.

For a long time, Thang Long has become a destination for people from the land. In the 15th century, the population of the town about Thang Long overcrowding makes King Le Thanh Tong intend to force all to the origin. But when you realize that they are the work force and an important source of tax, the court has allowed them to stay. Find the capital of Thang Long also the foreign residents, mostly Chinese. For over a thousand years of Chinese, many Chinese people living in the city. Over the dynasties of Ly, Tran, Le, the Chinese still have to apply for re-live Thang Long. According to the address of Nguyen Trai, out of 36 wards which make up the capital of Thang Long has a whole Chinese wards, wards and Tang. The population changes are still ongoing and lasts to this day. 

Population

The historical statistics show that Hanoi's population increased rapidly in the last half century. At the time in 1954, when the Viet Minh army takeover Hanoi, a city of 53 thousand people, over an area of ​​152 km ². In 1961, the city expanded, the area up to 584 km ² and a population of 91,000 people. In 1978, Congress decided to expand the second capital with natural land area 2,136 km ², with a population of 2.5 million people. By 1991, the boundaries of Hanoi continued to change, only 924 km ², but the population at more than 2 million people. During the 1990s, the suburban areas gradually urbanized, Hanoi's population increased steadily, reached 2,672,122 in 1999. After the opening broad boundaries most recently in August 2008, city Hanoi with 6.233 million inhabitants and is located in the capital area 17 largest in the world. According to the census of April 1 year 2009, Hanoi's population is 6,451,909 people, the average population in 2010 was 6,561,900. 

The average population density of Hanoi is 1979 people / km ². Population density is highest in Dong Da District up to 35,341 people / km ², while the suburban districts such as Soc Son, Ba Vi, My Duc, a density of less than 1,000 people / km ².

Population structure, according to April 1, 1999, residents of Hanoi and Ha Tay mainly Kinh, accounting for 99.1%. Other ethnic groups such as Dao, Muong, Tay 0.9%. [6] In 2009, the Kinh people account for 98.73% population of, Muong 0.76% and the Tay accounting for 0.23% .

In 2009, the urban population is 2,632,087 41.1%, and 3,816,750 rural residents accounted for 58.1%. 

Tourism

Compared to other provinces and cities of Vietnam, Hanoi is a city that has the potential to develop tourism. In the box, along with the buildings, Hanoi also owns a diverse museum root system in Vietnam. The city also has many advantages in introducing Vietnamese culture to foreign visitors through folk theater stage, the traditional villages ...

However, the statistics show that Hanoi is not a tourist city tourist attractions. With many international tourists, the city is the transition point on their journey to discover Vietnam. In 2007, Hanoi welcomes 1.1 million foreign tourists, nearly half of Ho Chi Minh City. In 2008, in the city's 9 million visitors, with 1, 3 million foreign visitors. The rate of visitors to the museum Hanoi also not high. Annually, the Museum of Ethnology in Hanoi, a famous museum in the region, the favorite destination of the famous tourist guidebooks, with 180,000 visitors, of which half are foreigners . 

According to statistics in 2007, Hanoi has 511 accommodation establishments with more than 12,700 are active. Of these only 178 are rated with 8424 rooms. Superior shortage is one of the reasons why foreign tourists to Hanoi is not high. Be considered quite expensive prices in Viet Nam, about $ 126.26 a night for 5 star hotel room rent performance 3-5 star hotels in Hanoi ranged from 80% to 90%. In addition to nine 5-star hotel is the Daewoo, Horison, Hilton Hanoi Opera, Melia, Nikko, Sofitel Metropole, Sheraton, Sofitel Plaza, and InterContinental, city six 4-star and 3-star hotel 19.

Tourism in Hanoi also no less evil and negative. Lonely Planet page warning condition foreign tourists are taxi and bus trick to some famous hotel pretending to and claimed high price; around Hoan Kiem Lake area visitors gay men may be inviting to karaoke, where the bill for a couple of drinks can be $ 100 or more.